16/04/2010 - 20h40:
Tenha acesso á revista oficial da FECAVA - Federation of European
Companion Animal Veterinary Associations.
EJCAP is published three times a year. Two issues are in hard copy.
The third issue is an online issue only, devoted to one scientific
topic each year. Previous special issues include a special issue on
ophthalmology and one on zoonoses.
Allergic skin diseases in dogs and cats: and introduction
by R.E.W. Halliwell
The study of allergy, and of the allergic diseases has fascinated
scientists in the medical and veterinary fi eld for many years. The
immune responses are supposed to be protective. How and why does the
damaging immune response - which we term allergy, develop?
The immunopathogenesis of allergic skin diseases in dogs and cats
by R.E.W. Halliwell
Hypersensitivity in veterinary medicine has been recently redefi ned
as "Objectively reproducible clinical signsinitiated by exposure to a
defi ned stimulus at a dose tolerated by normal dogs". A number of
different types exist, broadly mediated by antibody or immunocompetent
lymphoid cells. However this represents an oversimplification, and, as
exemplified especially by atopic dermatitis (AD), a complex interplay
between various arms of the innate and acquired immune systems is
involved.
Clinical signs and diagnosis of canine atopic dermatitis
by C. Favrot
Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD) is the most frequent canine dermatosis.
It has been defined by the International Task Force on Canine Atopic
Dermatitis (ITFCAD) as a "genetically predisposed inflammatory and
pruritic allergic skin disease with characteristic clinical features
associated with IgE antibodies most commonly directed against
environmental allergens".
Feline atopic dermatitis: Clinical signs and diagnosis
by C. Prost
Although feline atopy was first decribed more than 25 years ago, the
immunopathogenesis of this disease is still not entirely understood.
It is thought to be similar to that of canine atopy. Cats can develop
a variety of pruritic skin conditions including self-induced alopecia,
cervico-facial pruritus and eosinophilic dermatosis (miliary
dermatitis, eosinophilic plaques, eosinophilic granuloma and indolent
ulcer).
Food allergy in dogs - clinical signs and diagnosis
by H. A. Jackson
Clinicians have long recognized a dermatitis which appears to be
triggered by dietary components. The first descriptions of food
induced canine dermatitis date back to 1933. However, although we make
a clinical diagnosis of canine "food allergy" it is not clear at this
time whether these cases are truly immunologically mediated or due to
a "food intolerance".
Food hypersensitivity in the cat
by E. Guaguère, P. Prélaud
The term food hypersensitivity refers to all the clinical
manifestations of allergy to ingested allergens (immunological
mechanisms), and intolerance (non-immunological mechanisms). Few
studies of the immunopathogenesis of feline food allergy have been
conducted so most immunological data are extrapolated from the human
field. The list of incriminated foods varies according to local
feeding habits in countries where the animals live. In cats, the most
common food allergens are beef, lamb, milk, fish, tinned food and
dried food.
Flea allergy in dogs: Clinical signs and diagnosis
by C. Laffort-Dassot
Flea allergy is a very common pruritic dermatological condition in the
dog. This dermatitis occurs in young adult dogs of any sex. Certain
breeds may be predisposed. Clinical signs are usually more severe
during the warm season. They are characterised by a pruritic
erythematous papular eruption affecting the caudal aspect of the dog.
Dorsolumbar pruritus and lesions are characteristic diagnostic
criteria.
Flea allergy in cats - clinical signs and diagnosis
by C. Noli
Fleas are the most common ectoparasites and flea bite allergy is often
seen in cats. The clinical signs are represented by pruritus,
excoriations, self-inflicted alopecia, manifestations of the
eosinophilic granuloma complex and miliary dermatitis, which often,
but not exclusively, involve the posterior dorsal and ventral part of
the body. The diagnosis is obtained with the clinical presentation and
response to flea control, and is supported by finding fleas, their
feces or taenia infestation, and by a positive intradermal and/or in
vitro allergy test.
Microbial diseases secondary to allergic skin disease
by D. H. Lloyd
Allergic skin diseases predispose dogs and cats to cutaneous
infections including microbial overgrowth and surface, superficial and
deep pyoderma, most commonly involving pathogenic staphylococci and
Malassezia pachydermatis. These can be treated successfully with
systemic and topical antimicrobial agents but tend to recur unless the
allergy is well controlled.
Flea control in flea allergic dogs and cats
by M.-C. Cadiergues
Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) remains the most common allergic skin
disease of dogs and cats, although its frequency varies according to
geographical location. Despite the availability of safe, effective
products, treating FAD remains a challenge. This challenge should be
more readily overcome once both practitioner and owner(s) are entirely
convinced of the diagnosis.
How to treat atopic dermatitis in dogs
by D. N. Carlotti
This paper summarizes all the aspects of the therapy of canine atopic
dermatitis, particularly on a long-term basis. The principles of
threshold phenomenon and summation of effects are underlined.
Treatment of the disease includes first the treatment of dermatoses
which are related or secondary to atopic dermatitis: microbial
infection (bacteria and Malassezia), flea allergy dermatitis, food
reactions, keratoseborrhoeic skin disease, otitis externa and
pyotraumatic dermatitis.
How to treat atopic dermatitis in cats
by E. Vidémont , D. Pin
Therapy of atopic dermatitis (AD) can be a challenge to the
clinician's therapeutic skills and selecting the best treatment plan
for individual situations is an art. Cats diagnosed with AD are
treated in a variety of ways depending upon the severity of clinical
signs, duration or owner preference. Treatment options include
allergen avoidance, treatment of aggravating factors, allergen
specific immunotherapy (ASIT) and symptomatic therapy of pruritus.
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